Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with an improvement in health and an increase in longevity. Certain components of a MD can play a role in the prevention of osteoporosis and/or hip fracture. We investigated the association between the degree of adherence to a MD and bone mineral density (BMD) measured in several bone areas in a population of Spanish premenopausal women. We analyzed 442 premenopausal women aged 42.73 ± 6.67 years. Bone measurements were obtained using quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) for the phalanx, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the lumbar spine, Ward’s triangle, trochanter, and hip, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for the non-dominant distal forearm. MD adherence was evaluated with MedDietScore. Amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SOS), BMD, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (total, trabecular, and cortical bone density) were positively associated with higher adherence to the MD (p < 0.05). Adherence to the MD was significantly associated with QUS, BMD, and vBMD in multiple regression analysis; QUS: Ad-SOS (m/s) β = 0.099 (p = 0.030); BMD (g/cm2): femur neck β = 0.114 (p = 0.010) and Ward’s triangle β = 0.125 (p = 0.006); vBMD (mg/cm3): total density β = 0.119 (p = 0.036), trabecular density β = 0.120 (p = 0.035), and cortical density β = 0.122 (p = 0.032). We conclude that the adherence to the MD was positively associated with better bone mass in Spanish premenopausal women.
Highlights
Diet is a modifiable factor in the development and maintenance of bone mass [1]
Studied [5,22]; the association between Mediterranean diet (MD) and a risk of fractures is not yet clear [23,24]. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between the degree of adherence to. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between the degree of adherence to a a MD and bone mineral density (BMD) measured in several bone areas by quantitative bone
We found a positive association between the degree of adherence to MD and bone density assessed by quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population of Spanish premenopausal women
Summary
Diet is a modifiable factor in the development and maintenance of bone mass [1]. Diet is considered to have an important role during childhood and adolescence, but there is no clear evidence on the effect of diet on bone mass in adults and in the elderly. Osteoporosis is an important worldwide public health concern that affects millions of [12,13] This disease is characterized by low bone mass and the microarchitectural deterioration of people [12,13]. The possible beneficial effects of some of the components of Mediterranean diet, such as fruits, vegetables, and fish, on bone mass have been previously studied a Mediterranean diet, such as fruits, vegetables, and fish, on bone mass have been previously [5,22]; the association between MD and a risk of fractures is not yet clear [23,24].
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