Adherence styles of schizophrenia patients identified by a latent class analysis of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS): A six-month follow-up study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine patients' response profiles to the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and to evaluate the potential of response styles as predictors of the future course of psychotic disorders in terms of rehospitalisation and maintenance of medication. A total of 371 psychiatric in-patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were taking part in a naturalistic long-term study completed a German version of the MARS. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed. Five latent classes of response styles could be identified: “moderately adherent”, “critical discontinuers”, “good compliers”, “careless and forgetful”, and “compliant sceptics”. Class membership was found to be related to the severity of symptoms, level of functioning, insight into illness, insight into necessity of treatment, treatment satisfaction and medication side effects. At a six-month follow-up appointment, significant differences between the classes persisted. Participants showing a “good compliers” response pattern had a significantly better prognosis in terms of rehospitalisation rate and maintenance of the original medication than “critical discontinuers”. Evaluation of the MARS by studying response profiles provides informative results that reach beyond the results obtained by an evaluation by scores. Patients can be classified into adherence groups that are of predictive value for long-term patient outcome.