Abstract
The heaving force transmitted to [Formula: see text] (7.6-cm) diameter steel pipes by adfreezing in Leda clay was measured in the field for two consecutive winters. The maximum uplift force was approximately 6000 lb (2700 kg), which corresponds to an apparent adfreeze strength of about 12.5 p.s.i. (≈ 0.9 kg/cm2). It developed gradually during prolonged periods of cold weather, but dropped off rapidly during warming trends, although the whole soil profile remained below 0 °C. Adfreezing did not retard frost heave in the soil in the vicinity of the steel pipes.Agreement between experimental values for maximum uplift forces by adfreezing and values predicted by Dalmotov's equation suggests that such predictions can be used as a guide for design purposes if no other information is available.
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