Abstract
Adenylate energy charge (AEC) is computed from the ratios of three energy molecules found in all living cells: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
Highlights
Water-miscible metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used to provide cooling, lubrication, and waste transport in machining and metal forming operations
This paper reports the impact of biostable amine additives and of selective microbicides on the Adenylate energy charge (AEC) of metalworking fluid (MWF) microbial populations
Raw relative light unit (RLU) results were compared against adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) reference standards to yield quantitative results in pg mL-1 of each adenosine nucleotide
Summary
Water-miscible metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used to provide cooling, lubrication, and waste (metal fines) transport in machining and metal forming operations. MWFs are concentrated blends of functional additives in a base stock. When the base stock is petroleum, animal, or vegetable oil, the MWF is classified as an emulsifiable oil [1]. For end-use, MWF are diluted to 3 % (vol) to 10 % (vol) in water. End-use diluted MWF are recirculated at high velocities (33 m3 min-1), under turbulent-flow conditions. This well-aerated, aqueous-organic mixture, operating at 25 °C to 35 °C creates optimal conditions for microbial growth and proliferation [2]. Abundant microbial growth in recirculating MWFs and on MWF system surfaces are reservoirs for bioaerosols in machining facilities.
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