Abstract
ObjectiveThis study is to determine if Adenovirus type 36 (Ad36) infection is related to macrophage infiltration in the obese group and non-obese group and the related molecular mechanisms.MethodsNinety obesity patients and 95 non-obesity Uygur individuals were enrolled in this study. CD68 levels in abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The cytokine expression levels of adiponectin (APMI) and visfatin in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infection of 3T3-L1 cells with Ad36 was performed. Real-time PCR was performed to determine expression levels of APMI and Visfatin genes in the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes infected with Ad36.ResultsIn the obese individuals infected with Ad36, the expression levels of adiponectin and visfatin in serum was elevated. For the individuals infected with Ad36, the macrophage infiltration (as indicated by CD68 level) in the obese group was also significantly higher than that in the non-obese group (P < 0.05) in both abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues. The real-time PCR results indicated that APMI mRNA levels and Visfatin mRNA levels in Ad36 infected cells were significantly increased.ConclusionsAd36 infection may be a factor related with macrophage infiltration in adipose tissues of the obese patients. The APMI and Visfatin genes may be involved in the mechanism underlying the effect of Ad36 infection on the obese patients.Virtual SlidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1849614638119816
Highlights
Obesity has become a severe public health problem in the world and affects people across various ethnicities in all countries [1]
The APMI and Visfatin genes may be involved in the mechanism underlying the effect of Adenovirus type 36 (Ad36) infection on the obese patients
The TG levels in Ad36-infected obese subgroup were significantly decreased, while serum levels of adiponectin and visfatin in Ad36-infected obese subgroup were significantly increased. These results indicate that Ad36 infection induces elevated levels of adiponectin and visfatin and improved TG level in the obese individuals
Summary
Obesity has become a severe public health problem in the world and affects people across various ethnicities in all countries [1]. Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. According to the Asia-Pacific adult obesity criteria, body mass index (BMI, a person’s weight divided by the square of his or her height) < 25 kg/m2 was considered as normal and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was indicated as obese. Obesity increases the likelihoods of various diseases, especially heart disease, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and some kinds of tumors [2,3,4]. Obesity is usually resulted from a combination of of visceral adipose tissue in humans [9,10]. The observed increase of visfatin in obesity may be a counterregulation preventing further glucose increase
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