Abstract
Type A foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been detected on China’s pig farms since 2015, and all suspected samples have been strain A/GDMM/CHA/2013. To overcome the shortcomings of inactive FMDV vaccines, we expressed the capsid protein precursor P1-2A and mutated viral 3C protease of FMDV strain A/GDMM/CHA/2013 in a replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 vector in this study. A significant humoral immune response, T-cell-mediated antiviral response, and mucosa-mediated antiviral response were induced by the adenovirus-vectored FMDV vaccines in BALB/c mice. Immunization of guinea pigs with the adenovirus-vectored FMD vaccines induced significant neutralizing antibodies and anti-FMDV immunoglobulin A antibodies. The recombinant adenovirus rAdv-P12A3CG38SF48S-GD protected 100% of guinea pigs against challenge when administered intramuscularly. Our study demonstrated the potential utility of rAdv-P12A3CG38SF48S-GD as a vaccine against type A FMDV.
Highlights
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, highly contact-dependent contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which belongs to the genus Aphthovirus in the family Picornaviridae (Jamal and Belsham, 2013; Knight-Jones et al, 2016)
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of approximately 3,000 bp, which was consistent with the target gene P12A3C, was amplified from the recombinant adenovirus genome at different passages (P3, P6, and P9), whereas no fragment was amplified from WtAdv (Figure 2C), indicating that the target gene P12A3C was stably inherited by the recombinant adenoviruses
The mouse groups treated with rAdv-P12A3CWT-GD, rAdvP12A3CG38SF48S-GD, or the inactivated FMDV vaccine showed significantly higher T-lymphocyte proliferation than the WtAdvtreated group (Figure 4D). These results suggested that the recombinant adenoviruses induced an effective cellular immune response against FMDV
Summary
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, highly contact-dependent contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which belongs to the genus Aphthovirus in the family Picornaviridae (Jamal and Belsham, 2013; Knight-Jones et al, 2016). A wide range of animal species is susceptible to FMDV infection, including economically important breeds of cattle, pig, and sheep (Arzt et al, 2017; Arzt and Belsham, 2018; Sobhy et al, 2018). Foot-and-mouth disease virus is a single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus. Its genomic RNA is approximately 8.5 kb in length and consists of a single open reading frame that encodes a precursor polyprotein. The precursor protein is cleaved into individual mature proteins by virally encoded proteases. The 3C viral protein is a vital protease that plays an extremely important role in the cleavage of the viral structural proteins, which allows the assembly of the FMDV capsid in infected cells. The individual mature proteins VP1, VP3, and VP0 spontaneously form the 5S
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