Adenosquamous lung carcinomas: A histologic subtype with poor prognosis

Abstract

Introduction The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors and outcome of patients operated for adenosquamous (ADS) carcinoma of the lung, in comparison with adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods a retrospective review of our thoracic cancer surgical database for patients operated for ADS, SCC and AD between January, 1995 and December, 2009 was done. Results Forty-eight patients (39 males, 81.3%) had ADS; complete tumor resection and lymphadenectomy was accomplished in all patients. A higher stage at presentation was observed in ADS, as compared to AD or SCC ( p = 0.0001). Three and 5-year survival rates were 25% and 15%. ADS overall survival was worse than AD or SCC ( p = 0.0005). Three and 5-year survival rates of ADS Stage I were similar to those of Stage IIIA AD or SCC. More than half ADS patients developed distant metastases (MTS) or local recurrences. Brain MTS were the most frequent. Median survival for those patients was 8 ± 2.3 months. Postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy statistically improved patients survival ( p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of MTS ( p = 0.001), the tumor perineural invasion ( p = 0.01) and the tumor stage ( p = 0.0005) were factors associated with poor prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was a significant positive prognostic factor ( p = 0.00001). Conclusions ADS are uncommon and extremely aggressive lung tumors. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be administered even in Stage I radically resected tumors. A whole brain postoperative prophylactic radiotherapy could be proposed to reduce risk of developing brain MTS.