Adenosquamous inflammatory mammary carcinoma in bitch: Can CA 15-3, CRP and LDH improve prognosis?

Breno Queiroz Pinheiro,Manoel Wanamark David Ferreira Filho,Hélida Tainan Silva Barbosa,Lúcia Daniel Machado Da Silva,Gabriel Rocha Gurgel,Isaac Neto Goes Da Silva,Francisco Wesley Da Silva Alves

doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26425

Breno Queiroz Pinheiro, Manoel Wanamark David Ferreira Filho + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26425

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Abstract

Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is characterized by the presence of any subtype of aggressive carcinoma in association with an intense inflammatory reaction, in addition to the presence of tumor emboli. Considering IMC as a type of cancer with chronic inflammation, the complex relationship between inflammation, and alterations in cellular metabolism have highlighted the rationale assessment of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), c-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The present report had the objective to describe a rare case of adenosquamous carcinoma in mammary gland of a 10-year-old bitch, 7 kg, sexually intact, mixed-breed and how CA 15-3, CRP and LHD helped to determinate the clinical presentation of inflammatory carcinoma and the prognosis. Complete clinical staging, cell blood count and renal, and hepatic biochemistry was performed and did not reveal any significant abnormalities. CA 15-3 (9.46 IU/mL), CRP (5.3 mg/L), and LDH (287 U/L) were all above the references values reported by the literature. Although adenosquamous carcinoma of the mammary gland with inflammatory presentation in dogs is rare, the association of serum biomarkers could improve the patient's prognosis evaluation.

Highlights

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in female dogs and inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the most aggressive form of mammary neoplasia (Ribeiro et al, 2020; Soremo, 2020; Vascellari et al, 2016)
In 2011, a new detailed histologic classification of subtypes of CMTs was published by Goldschmidt et al (2011) and described the adenosquamous carcinoma, that is composed of areas of carcinoma of any type admixed with foci where the neoplastic cells exhibit squamous differentiation and features of malignancy
The present report had the objective to describe a rare case of adenosquamous carcinoma in mammary gland of female dog, and how cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), c-reactive protein (CRP) and LHD helped to determinate the clinical presentation of inflammatory carcinoma

Summary

Introduction

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in female dogs and inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the most aggressive form of mammary neoplasia (Ribeiro et al, 2020; Soremo, 2020; Vascellari et al, 2016). Patients with IMC present with the rapid appearance of inflammatory signs including erythema, edema, firmness, pain, and warmth of the mammary skin, with or without a defined mass. It is locally aggressive and highly metastatic that is poorly responsive to treatment, resulting in a poor prognosis, with invariably short survival times after diagnosis (Cassali et al, 2020; Souza et al, 2009). The present report had the objective to describe a rare case of adenosquamous carcinoma in mammary gland of female dog, and how CA 15-3, CRP and LHD helped to determinate the clinical presentation of inflammatory carcinoma

Case report

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Discussion