Abstract
Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is considered one of the most common diseases in the ear, nose and throat (ENT) practice. The cause of adenoid hypertrophy in children is still unknown. The main aim of the current study was to investigate IL-10 (interleukin 10) gene polymorphisms and human herpesviruses 6 (HHV6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections in children with AH. A total of 106 children with adenoid hypertrophy and 38 healthy children aged 2–11 years were included in this study. All children with adenoid hypertrophy were divided into three subgroups depending on the adenoid size. The viruses were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using commercially available kits (QIAGEN, Germany). HHV6 was more frequently detected in patients with AH compared with CMV and EBV. Among the three subgroups of children with AH, HH6 and EBV were prevalent in the children with the largest adenoid size. The frequency of genotype GG tended to be higher in the control group of children. We found significantly higher frequencies of the G allele and GG and GA genotypes for IL-10 rs1800896 in the subgroup of children with the smallest size of adenoid compared with other subgroups. In conclusion, HHV6 and EBV infection could contribute to the adenoid size. The genotype GG for IL-10 rs1800896 could contribute to the resistance to adenoid hypertrophy and the spread of the adenoid tissue.
Highlights
Introduction iationsThe adenoids are part of Waldeyer’s ring of the lymphoid tissue
This study found that the human herpesviruses 6 (HHV6) and CMV frequencies in the control and main groups had significant differences
Among the three subgroups of children with Adenoid hypertrophy (AH), HH6 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) were more frequently detected in the third subgroup of children
Summary
The adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils) are part of Waldeyer’s ring of the lymphoid tissue. Adenoid hypertrophy is considered one of the most common diseases in ENT practice. Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) occurs physiologically in children aged between 2 and 12 years but may become problematic when tissue size becomes excessive for the pharyngeal space it occupies [1]. The adenoids tend to atrophy by the age of 16 years [2]. This disease can lead to the obstruction of the upper airway and, as a result, nasal breathing difficulties, which can be associated with sleep disorders, hyponasal speech, and snoring [1]. Due to its anatomic location, adenoid tissue is linked with different pathogenic factors
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