Adductor Canal Blocks Are Not Associated With Improved Early Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: As length of stay after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to shorten, interventions that may reduce early postoperative pain and complications must be studied. Peripheral nerve block is being explored as a potential means of improving pain management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adductor canal block (ACB) on postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing TKA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 565 patients who received unilateral TKA under spinal anesthesia with a periarticular anesthetic injection. Patients were divided by ACB status. Univariate comparisons and multivariate regression were used to compare outcomes for patients receiving ACBs vs those who did not. Results: Of the 565 patients, 167 received an ACB, and 398 did not. Patients who received an ACB were less likely to require nausea medication during the immediate postoperative period. Length of stay, narcotic consumption, rate of discharge to home, postanesthesia care unit recovery time, urinary retention, ability to complete physical therapy, and 30-day readmission rate did not differ significantly between groups. After risk adjustment, the only significant finding was decreased likelihood of nausea in patients receiving an ACB. Conclusion: ACBs appear to have little to no significant impact on early clinical outcomes in patients having TKA under spinal anesthesia with a periarticular anesthetic injection. Further study of larger patient cohorts is required to validate these findings.