Abstract
Novel multifunctional biomimetic injectable hybrid systems were synthesized. The physicochemical as well as biological in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that they are promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration. The hybrids are composed of a biopolymeric collagen/chitosan/hyaluronic acid matrix and amine group-functionalized silica particles decorated with apatite to which the alendronate molecules were coordinated. The components of these systems were integrated and stabilized by cross-linking with genipin, a compound of natural origin. They can be precisely injected into the diseased tissue in the form of a viscous sol or a partially cross-linked hydrogel, where they can serve as scaffolds for locally controlled bone tissue regeneration/remodeling by supporting the osteoblast formation/proliferation and maintaining the optimal osteoclast level. These materials lack systemic toxicity. They can be particularly useful for the repair of small osteoporotic bone defects.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is one of the most progressive, systemic, and metabolic diseases affecting the bone tissue
That approach based on biomimetic mineralization is attractive and extremely useful because it proceeds under mild conditions
Such designed hybrids chemically cross-linked with a compound of natural origin can serve as systems for the controlled, localized delivery of ALN that plays a key role in the treatment of osteoporosis
Summary
Osteoporosis is one of the most progressive, systemic, and metabolic diseases affecting the bone tissue. Its origin relies on the imbalance between bone tissue formation (governed by osteoblasts) and bone tissue absorption (controlled by osteoclasts) that occur during bone remodeling.[2] When the bone formation is slower than bone resorption, each remodeling event removes a small part of bone from the skeleton and leads to bone loss and structural damage, which further enhances the bone turnover (more resorptive cavities on a given surface at a given time and a shorter mineralization time of bones).[3,4] According to the World Health Organization, older people, especially postmenopausal women experience acceleration in bone loss, making osteoporosis a serious public health problem in the world.[5] For that reason, timely prevention and appropriate therapy are of principal importance
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