Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
The main ingredient in kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) formulations is a water-soluble polymer with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Many of these KHI polymers have low cloud point (Tcl) ...
Highlights
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) have been used for over two decades to prevent the formation of gas hydrates in pipelines, both onshore and offshore.[1−7] kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) are a class of low-dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs), because they are used at much lower dosages than thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs), such as methanol, ethanol, or monoethylene glycol (MEG)
Examples are the monomer units found in N-vinyl caprolactam (VCap), Nisopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM), and cis-1,2-cyclohexane-dicarboxylic anhydride (CDA), all of which are found in commercial KHIs. (See Figure 1.) The first two monomers are found in linear vinylic polymers, whereas the last monomer is found in hyperbranched poly(ester amide)s
The other method to avoid deposition of KHI polymers is to blend in an additive
Summary
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) have been used for over two decades to prevent the formation of gas hydrates in pipelines, both onshore and offshore.[1−7] KHIs are a class of low-dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs), because they are used at much lower dosages (often 0.1−3.0 wt % actives) than thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs), such as methanol, ethanol, or monoethylene glycol (MEG). The Tcl and Tdp values decrease as the concentration of most of the ions commonly found in oilfield-produced waters increases These are salts toward one end of the Hofmeister or lyoteopic series.[20−23] Salts lower Tcl, e.g., for PVP and various VCap copolymer studies in drilling fluids.[24,25] Recently, we proposed that a low Tcl value of a KHI polymer, near the temperature for hydrate formation, can be useful for obtaining high KHI performance as long as various criteria are met.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
