Additive Manufacturing of Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: An Overview, Potential Applications, Advancements, and Trends

L. Natrayan,T. Jagadeesha,M. Ravichandran,Senthilkumar Rajagopal,M. Swapna Sai,Wubishet Degife Mammo,Dhinakaran Veeman,P. Sureshkumar

doi:10.1155/2021/4907027

Abstract

As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printing has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to their biocompatibility, bioactiveness, and biodegradability, biopolymers such as collagen, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch are used in a variety of fields, including the food, biomedical, regeneration, agriculture, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. The benefits of producing 3D-printed scaffolds are many, including the capacity to produce complicated geometries, porosity, and multicell coculture and to take growth factors into account. In particular, the additional production of biopolymers offers new options to produce 3D structures and materials with specialised patterns and properties. In the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), important progress has been accomplished; now, several state-of-the-art techniques are used to produce porous scaffolds for organ or tissue regeneration to be suited for tissue technology. Natural biopolymeric materials are often better suited for designing and manufacturing healing equipment than temporary implants and tissue regeneration materials owing to its appropriate properties and biocompatibility. The review focuses on the additive manufacturing of biopolymers with significant changes, advancements, trends, and developments in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with potential applications.

Highlights

The various aspects such as type of tissue and the hormones necessary for the discrepancy and physical size are restricted to this regeneration as the body can regenerate amazingly
The results showed that biopolymer scaffolds could be produced by a process optimisation using starch and cellulose acetate to modulate laser power and scanning speed
The results reveal that PCL/HA biocomposites have the advantage of being tissue engineering bodies produced by Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

Summary

Introduction

The various aspects such as type of tissue and the hormones necessary for the discrepancy and physical size are restricted to this regeneration as the body can regenerate amazingly (critical defect). Any tissue damage beyond this crucial dimension requires external assistance approaches such as tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM), in which the external hollows are termed yardsticks. These tissues offer a platform for cellular activity and new tissue creation [1]. One of the key aspects of natural polymers is the degradation of biomaterials [5]. Since these biomatters are present in the extracellular matrix (ECM), cells are very compatible and respond to growth. The development or choice of ways to tackle the issues of architectural design needs a compromise between visions and aims, which generally conflicts with new biomaterials [9]

Need of Bioprinted Scaffolds and Its Fabrication

Biopolymers and Types

Properties of Biomaterials Appropriate for 3D Printing

Polymers Fabricated by 3D Printing Technology

Applications of Biopolymer Materials in Biomedical Fields

Tissue engineering

Findings

Conclusion