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Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0 to attain a circular economy. The process involves a layer-by-layer deposition of material from a computer-aided-design (CAD) model to form complex shapes. Fast prototyping and waste minimization are the main benefits of employing such a technique. AM technology is presently revolutionizing various industries such as electronics, biomedical, defense, and aerospace. Such technology can be complemented with standardized frameworks to attract industrial acceptance, such as in the construction industry. Off-site construction has the potential to improve construction efficiency by adopting AM. In this paper, the types of additive manufacturing processes were reviewed, with emphasis on applications in off-site construction. This information was complemented with a discussion on the types and mechanical properties of materials that can be produced using AM techniques, particularly metallic components. Strategies to assess cost and material considerations such as Production line Breakdown Structure (PBS) and Value Stream Mapping are highlighted. In addition, a comprehensive approach that evaluates the entire life cycle of the component was suggested when comparing AM techniques and conventional manufacturing options.
Highlights
The prospect of revamping our approach to modern construction using Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques is a promising but inherently cautious research field
Since the construction industry has a considerable impact to the environment, adoption of AM technologies can aid in carbon mitigation and provide other ecological benefits [9]
As shown in previous sections, a significant portion of research concerning AM in construction focuses on investigating new material types, properties, and geometries possible to exploit the fabrication freedom offered by the technology
Summary
The prospect of revamping our approach to modern construction using Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques is a promising but inherently cautious research field. The method features the possibility of zero-waste construction, as displayed in the Additive Manufacturing Integrated Energy (AMIE) building shown in Figure 1e [17]. Another notable construction AM project is the 2.5m-wide and 10m-long 3D-printed footbridge shown in Figure 1f [18]. Sticohnedscuhleedouvleerloavpertolapyietoldypierlodjepcrto-cjeocstt-csoasvtinsagvsianngds asnchdesdcuhleedsuhloersthenoirntegn.inDge.pDenepdeinngdionng tohnetchoemcopmlepxlietyxiatyndanldevleelvoelfomf modoudluarlaizraiztaiotino,nt,hteheofoff-fs-istietecoconnstsrturucctitoionnisisccaatteeggoorriizzeeddiinnttoo aa wwiiddee vvaarriieettyy ooff pprroodduuccttss uusseedd iinn ddiiffffeerreenntt ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn sseeccttoorrss ((sseeee FFiigguurree 22 ffoorr ttyyppiiccaall ooffff--ssiittee ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn eexxaammpplleess)):: ((11)) PPaanneelliizzeedd ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn:: tthhiiss aapppprrooaacchh iiss oofftteenn aaddoopptteedd iinn tthheebbuuilidldininggcocnonstsrturcutciotinonsescetoctro, wr, hwehreerbeuiblduiinldginpgropjercotjseacrtse dariveiddeivdidinetdo iinndtoiviindduiavlidwuaalll pwaanlel lps/anroeolsf/rsoeoctfiosencstifoonrsmfaonr umfaacntuufrainctgu.rTinygp.icTaylpciocnasl tcrouncstitoruncmtioantermiaaltseurisaelsduinsetdhiisntythpies otyfpceonosftcrounctsitoruncatipopnroaapcphroaarcehliagrhetlgigahutggeasutgeeelsatenedl awnodowd o[2o0d];[2(20)];M(2o)dMuoladrucloanr sctornuscttriuonc-: tthioisn:atphpisroaapcphroisacahlsois kanlsoowknnoaws vnoalsumvoelturmicectorincsctrouncsttirounctuionnitsu.nCitos.nCstornuscttriuoncticoonmcpoamnpieasmniaens umfaacntuufraecttuhreesethuensietsuinnitosfifn-soitfef-fsaitceilfiaticeisliatineds asnhdipshthipemthteomsittoesfioter ifnosrtianlslatatilolant;ioann;dan(3d) o(3th) oerthperrepfarbefraicbartiecadtemdomduodleusl:eesx: eaxmapmlepsleosfosfuscuhchinicnlculdude einindduustsrtiraial lccoommppoonneennttss,,ssuucchh aass vveesssseellss aanndd eeqquuiippmmeenntt sskkiiddss. Buildings 2022, 12, 53 types of methods and materials in AM, and the potential applications and integration of AM technology in both on-site and off-site construction industries
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