Additive-free synthesis of In₂O₃ cubes embedded into graphene sheets and their enhanced NO₂ sensing performance at room temperature.

Abstract

In this report, we developed an additive-free synthesis of In2O3 cubes embedded into graphene networks with InN nanowires (InN-NWs) and graphene oxide (GO) as precursors by a facile one-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. In absence of GO, the InN-NWs maintained their chemical composition and original morphology upon the same treatment. At varying mass ratios of InN-NWs and GO, the different morphologies and distributions of In2O3 could be obtained on graphene sheets. The uniform distribution, which is usually considered favorable for enhanced sensing performance, was observed in In2O3 cubes/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites. The room-temperature NO2 sensing properties of the In2O3 cubes/rGO composites-based sensor were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the sensor exhibited a significant response to NO2 gas with a concentration lower to 1 ppm, and an excellent selectivity, even though the concentrations of interferential gases were 1000 times that of NO2. The enhanced NO2 sensing performances were attributed to the synergistic effect of uniformly distributed In2O3 cubes and graphene sheets in the unique hybrid architectures without the interfering of extra additives.