Additional venous anastomosis in free profunda artery perforator flap transfer using the posterior accessory saphenous vein

Abstract

BackgroundThe profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has recently been widely used for head and neck as well as breast reconstruction. Although this flap has various advantages, its vascular pedicle is relatively smaller and shorter than that of other workhorse flaps such as the anterolateral thigh flap. The posterior accessory saphenous vein (pASV) is a branch of the great saphenous vein, which runs in the posteromedial aspect of the thigh and can be included in the PAP flap. Here, we present the anatomical characteristics of the pASV and feasibility of its use in PAP flap transfers. Patients and methodsAn anatomical study of the pASV was conducted in nine lower extremities of five patients using ultrasonography. Several landmarks such as point A (the point where the pASV crosses the posterior border of the adductor longus muscle), point B (the point where the pASV merges with the great saphenous vein) and the inguinal crease, were marked. Distribution of the pASV was plotted, and several distances were measured. On the basis of the anatomical study, nine free PAP flap transfers were performed. ResultsIn the anatomical study, the mean diameter of the pASV was 3.4 and 4.9 mm at points A and B, respectively. The mean available length of the pASV was 9.4 cm. In clinical cases, all flaps completely survived. No flap-related complication was observed. The pASV was included in the PAP flap in eight cases. The mean length of the harvested pASV was 8.6 cm, and the mean diameter was 3.3 mm. Indocyanine green angiography showed effective drainage using the pASV alone. ConclusionsThe use of the pASV can be an effective option, particularly for head and neck reconstruction, and its application in various types of reconstructive surgery can be widened.