Abstract
Background: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) affecting the CNS (central nervous system) are rare, presenting in less than 1% of all those with cancer. The pathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is not fully understood, but it is presumed to result from an immune attack on the underlying malignancy. The presence of different types of onconeural antibodies may occur in different tumors and can lead to different clinical manifestations, making the early detection of cancers challenging. Aim: An evaluation of [18F]FDG PET/CT in neoplastic tumor detection in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes having negative or unremarkable results of conventional radiological imaging. Methods: Among all patients diagnosed with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes in the Neurology Department in 2016–2020, 15 patients with unremarkable conventional radiological findings who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT were included in the study. Results: [18F]FDG PET/CT enabled localization of suspected malignancy in 53% (8 of 15) of PNS cases with previous unremarkable conventional radiological findings. Conclusion: [18F]FDG PET/CT may be considered as a useful tool for neoplastic tumor detection in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, accelerating the diagnostic process and enabling faster initiation of appropriate treatment.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilParaneoplastic syndromes represent a wide range of symptoms associated with malignancy
The most common malignancies associated with paraneoplastic syndromes include breast, lung, pancreas, kidney as well as gynecological and hematological tumors
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare manifestation of malignancy
Summary
Paraneoplastic syndromes represent a wide range of symptoms associated with malignancy. They are usually systemic dysfunctions which are not a direct result of neoplastic tumor invasion or metastasis. They may manifest with symptoms from various systems and organs, causing endocrine, neurological, dermatological, rheumatological and hematological syndromes, usually, in areas and organs that are not directly affected by the neoplasm. The most common malignancies associated with paraneoplastic syndromes include breast, lung, pancreas, kidney as well as gynecological and hematological tumors. The incidence and prevalence of paraneoplastic disorders is estimated to be 0.89/100,000 person-years and. The etiology of the syndrome is unknown
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