Abstract
In a practical watermark scenario, watermarks are used to provide auxiliary information; in this way, an analogous digital approach called unseen–visible watermark has been introduced to deliver auxiliary information. In this algorithm, the embedding stage takes advantage of the visible and invisible watermarking to embed an owner logotype or barcodes as watermarks; in the exhibition stage, the equipped functions of the display devices are used to reveal the watermark to the naked eyes, eliminating any watermark exhibition algorithm. In this paper, a watermark complement strategy for unseen–visible watermarking is proposed to improve the embedding stage, reducing the histogram distortion and the visual degradation of the watermarked image. The presented algorithm exhibits the following contributions: first, the algorithm can be applied to any class of images with large smooth regions of low or high intensity; second, a watermark complement strategy is introduced to reduce the visual degradation and histogram distortion of the watermarked image; and third, an embedding error measurement is proposed. Evaluation results show that the proposed strategy has high performance in comparison with other algorithms, providing a high visual quality of the exhibited watermark and preserving its robustness in terms of readability and imperceptibility against geometric and processing attacks.
Highlights
In the future, the current growth of technological development will be compared only with the period called the industrial revolution
Several watermarking algorithms have been proposed to deliver auxiliary information about the visual content of images [6,7,8,9,10,11]; opening with this target a new research field that is denoted as invisible–visible watermarking, which can be divided according to the exhibition stage in unseen–visible watermarking (UVW) [6,7,8], and imperceptible–visible watermarking (IVW) [9,11]
These algorithms are focused on the observation of how some digital image information that is invisible to the naked eyes becomes visible after applying some image enhancement operations such as Gamma Correction Function (GCF) [6,7,8,13], Histogram
Summary
The current growth of technological development will be compared only with the period called the industrial revolution This development allows people easy access to electronic devices that are capable of capturing and displaying different multimedia files, especially images and videos, which could be copied, edited, and distributed without any protection, turning these practices into a problem of copyright protection and intellectual property. The main idea of invisible–visible watermarking algorithms applied to digital color images is based on the digital reproduction of the real-life scenario of the watermarks, that in addition to providing copyright and intellectual property protection, are capable of delivering information to the end-users via owner logotype, 2D barcode or quick response (QR) codes [12] To make this possible, these algorithms are focused on the observation of how some digital image information that is invisible to the naked eyes becomes visible after applying some image enhancement operations such as Gamma Correction Function (GCF) [6,7,8,13], Histogram
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