Abstract
Additional horizontal traces of ground reflections were observed in a studied series of high-latitude, Kp sounding ionograms from the Interkosmos-19 satellite. The ionograms were recorded on May 11, 1979, in the nighttime (0000–0100 LT), weakly perturbed (Kp = 3+) ionosphere of the Southern hemisphere in the region of the main ionospheric trough. The trough had a flat bottom, as well as a steep and high polar wall formed by the precipitation of particles on the equatorial edge of the auroral oval. An additional ground trace was removed from the main trace from 100 to 800 km when the satellite moved from the polar wall to midlatitudes. Ray tracing showed that additional ground traces are formed by multiple reflections from the polar wall and the Earth’s surface. At the same time, it was possible to achieve almost complete agreement between the model ionogram and the experimental one.
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