Abstract
Background: The added value of non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors for mortality risk has not been examined in Korean populations. Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study examined the relationship of the 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) for CVD risk and eCRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative sample of Korean adults aged 30 years and older. Data regarding a total of 38,350 participants (16,505 men/21,845 women) were obtained from the 2007–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). All-cause and CVD mortality were the main outcomes. The 10-year FRS point sum and eCRF level were the main exposures. Results: All-cause and CVD mortality was positively correlated with the 10-year FRS point summation and inversely correlated with eCRF level in this study population. The protective of high eCRF against all-cause and CVD mortality was more prominent in the middle and high FRS category than in the low FRS category. Notably, the FRS plus eCRF model has better predictor power for estimating mortality risk compared to the FRS only model. Conclusions: The current findings indicate that eCRF can be used as an alternative to objectively measured CRF for mortality risk prediction.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global death, especially in lowand middle-income countries [1]
The current findings indicate that estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) can be used as an alternative to objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) for mortality risk prediction
With consent obtained from participants, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2015 data were linked to death certificates and medical records from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global death, especially in lowand middle-income countries [1] Traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, family history of premature CVD, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, are well-established predictors of morbidity and mortality in Western [2,3] and Asian populations [4,5]. The added value of non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors for mortality risk has not been examined in Korean populations. Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study examined the relationship of the 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) for CVD risk and eCRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative sample of Korean adults aged 30 years and older. Conclusions: The current findings indicate that eCRF can be used as an alternative to objectively measured CRF for mortality risk prediction
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