Abstract
The objectives of this article are to seek the opportunity to enhance the local Indonesia timber material physical performances (encompassing the low-class quality of III and IV timbers with the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) = 5,000 - 9,000 MPa) utilizing laminated composite technology to become higher-class timber quality (class II) with the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)> 15,000 MPa so that it can be used as an alternative material for constructing the bridge mainframe structures (girder beams) especially for the Indragiri Hilir regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. This regency needs several hundred small-medium bridges for connecting 20 districts, 39 wards, and 197 villages using local materials such as local timbers. This laminating technology is not a new technology but the utilization of this technology for constructing the main bridges structures is challenging and limited to the implementation in the civil construction industrial sector. This study composed 2 types of the low-class quality (lcq) of timber materials (such as Shorea sp and Shorea peltata Sym) and 2 types of medium class-quality (mcq) ones (Dipterocarpus and Calophyllum) for constructing the main bridge structures. Based on the laboratory test results utilizing 80% of lcq materials and 20% mcq ones, these composite timber materials may increase the timbers MOE by 145% to 166% from the existing MOE value of the mcq solid timbers. Based on the simulations these laminated composites wooden bridge girders 2 x (70x20) m2, these timber materials have passed all the tests and the application of this technology may improve the lcq timber values and it could be used for an alternative material of the bridge girder's main structures.
Highlights
It was reported that the global growth in timber demand was increased from 334 million m3 (2017) to 341 million m3 (2018) (Canadian Forest Industry, 2019). e requirement of the timber materials type class I-II (Strength class I - II based on PKKI, 1961 and SNI 7973: 2013) [1,2] in Indonesia has been continuing to increase [3,4]
Based on the test results of Shorea peltata Sym timber as much as 80% and 20% of Calophyllum, it was obtained that this composite may increase its strength to become E9 timber quality code. e composite of Shorea sp timber 80% and Dipterocarpus 20% increased the timber quality to become E10. e timber quality codes of E6, E8, E9, and E10 were based on PPKI1961 codes [1]
Us it can be summarized that the timber laminate composite technology utilizing low and high-class quality of timbers as a beam composite was able to increase the exural strength and modulus of elasticity of timber material from an average of 5,080 MPa (Shorea peltata Sym) to 8,415 MPa (Composite), and from an average of 7,705 MPa to 11,194 MPa as shown in Table 1 and Figure 7
Summary
It was reported that the global growth in timber demand was increased from 334 million m3 (2017) to 341 million m3 (2018) (Canadian Forest Industry, 2019). e requirement of the timber materials type class I-II (Strength class I - II based on PKKI, 1961 and SNI 7973: 2013) [1,2] in Indonesia has been continuing to increase [3,4]. Ese combination timbers may be used as the alternative construction material of the girder bridge This can be performed by the application of laminated timber composite technology [5,6]. E application of medium-high-quality timbers (class I-II) to construct wooden bridges in these areas was experiencing difficulty to purchase legally, and the costs were relatively expensive. This is important to construct the bridge using low-and medium quality timbers that are available locally in the market and relatively inexpensive
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
