Abstract
Reduction in the intakes of added and free sugars is a recommendation to lower cardiometabolic risks. Sugars intake is considered lowest in the Asian-Pacific region, particularly Japan. We examined the association between sugars intake and cardiometabolic risks in Japanese adolescents. We included 3242 students (mean age, 13.56 years) living in Shunan City, Japan, between 2006 and 2010. Sugars intake was estimated using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Anthropometrics, serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose, and blood pressure were measured. Metabolic syndrome was determined by the combination of overweight and other risks. Intakes of added and free sugars were 7.6–7.9%E and 8.4–8.8%E of the total energy intake (%E), respectively. Categories based on quintiles of added or free sugars intakes were associated with fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and the z-score of metabolic syndrome (Ptrend ≤ 0.025). Other than the association between added sugars ≥10%E and high glucose (odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.19, p = 0.031), non-significantly high intakes of added or free sugars for risks occurred. Association was observed between added or free sugars intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers in Japanese adolescents, and added sugars intake <10%E could prevent glucose intolerance but not metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Excess intake of sugars is associated with increased prevalence of obesity [1], cardiometabolic risks [2], and dental caries [3]
Free sugars are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods by manufacturers, cooks or customers, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices [4]
In meta-analyses on energy-control trials mostly from Europe and the USA [1,26], observed effects of sugars intake on body weight, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid profile are considered via an excess of energy intake in conjunction with an excess of sugars intake; so we examined the associations with adjustment for total energy intake (TEI)
Summary
Excess intake of sugars is associated with increased prevalence of obesity [1], cardiometabolic risks [2], and dental caries [3]. Free sugars are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods by manufacturers, cooks or customers, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices [4]. The WHO recommends intake of free sugars < 10% of the total energy intake (TEI) and advises the reduction of free sugars to
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