Abstract
The immune defense mechanism mainly depends on the recognition and response of innate immune signaling receptors PRRs to PAMPs or DAMPs. TLRs family is an important category in PRRs, stimulatory cytokines and interferon type I (IFN) are produced through TRIF-or MyD88-dependent after TLRs recognition PAMPs or DAMPs, which regulate innate and adaptive immunity responses. TLR3 only relies on the TRIF-dependent pathway for downstream signaling, TLR4 can conduct downstream signaling through both TRIF- and MyD88-dependent pathways. Teleosts TLR3 detects viral and additionally bacterial PAMPs, while TLR3-mediated activation of mammalian immune responses only depends on viral double-stranded RNA intermediates. Teleost TLR4 is suggested to down-regulate TLR signaling and/or to interact with alternative receptors such as b2-integrins, whereas mammalian TLR4 associates with CD14 and MD2 in order to sense LPS. In this review, we will further study the structure of TRIF, the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, and its function in fish, with emphasis on the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway and different biological activities. The study of TRIF and its role in innate immunity has potential significance for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
