Abstract
We demonstrate an adaptive wave-front shaping of optical beams transmitted through fiber bundles as a powerful resource for multisite, high-resolution bioimaging. With the phases of all the beamlets delivered through up to 6000 different fibers within the fiber bundle controlled individually, by means of a high-definition spatial light modulator, the overall beam transmitted through the fiber bundle can be focused into a beam waist with a diameter less than 1 μm within a targeted area in a biotissue, providing a diffraction-limited spatial resolution adequate for single-cell or even subcellular bioimaging. The field intensity in the adaptively-focused continuous-wave laser beam in our fiber-bundle-imaging setting is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the intensity of the speckle background. Once robust beam focusing was achieved with a suitable phase profile across the input face of the fiber bundle, the beam focus can be scanned over a targeted area with no need for a further adaptive search, by applying a physically intuitive, wave-front-tilting phase mask on the field of input beamlets. This method of beam-focus scanning promises imaging speeds compatible with the requirements of in vivo calcium imaging.
Highlights
While the capability of optical fibers to transfer images has been realized and demonstrated experimentally in the late 1920s [1,2], the concept of imaging via fiber bundles had to wait for several decades before fiber fabrication technologies and low-loss fiber materials became mature enough to support the creation of practical fiber imaging systems, paving the way for revolutionary breakthroughs in biophotonics [3]
We present experiments studies on complex biological systems, including brain imaging in awake, freely moving that demonstrate animal an adaptive models.wave-front shaping of optical beams transmitted through fiber bundles as a powerful resource forsuch multisite, high-resolution bioimaging
We present experiments that phases of all the beamlets delivered through different fibersofwithin fiber bundle condemonstrate an adaptive wave-front shaping optical the beams transmitted through fiber bundles as a powerful resource for multisite, high-resolution bioimaging
Summary
While the capability of optical fibers to transfer images has been realized and demonstrated experimentally in the late 1920s [1,2], the concept of imaging via fiber bundles had to wait for several decades before fiber fabrication technologies and low-loss fiber materials became mature enough to support the creation of practical fiber imaging systems, paving the way for revolutionary breakthroughs in biophotonics [3]. While the original proposals and first experimental demonstrations of this imaging modality date back to the 1960s and 1970s [22,23,24], it is Photonics 2022, 9, 21 the recent breakthroughs in adaptive optics combined with advanced approaches to image restoration that paved the way for the renaissance of these ideas, pushing the frontiers of fiber-optic endoscopy Extending this method fiber-bundle for- in adapmodality date back[25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]. No need for a further adaptive search, by applying a physically intuitive, wave-front-tilting phase mask on the field of input beamlets
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