Abstract
An industrial process is defined through its quality of parts and their production costs. Labour-intensive operations must be applied to produce high-quality components with inexpensive resources. Recent development in dedicated software allows the industrial sector to rely on more and more autonomous solutions to obtain an optimum ratio between part quality and cost. The stretch forming process is an operation that has a high degree of difficulty, due to the process parameters and the spring-back effect of materials. Our approach to solving several of the shortcomings of this process was to develop a self-adaptive algorithm with computer vision capabilities that adapts to the process in real-time. This experimental study highlights the results obtained using this method, as well as a comparison to a classical method for the stretch-forming process (SFP). The results have noted that the stretch-forming algorithm improves the process, while adapting its decisions with each step.
Highlights
A simple method was used to compare the parts: the die radius was divided by the average part radius (APR), obtaining a deformation coefficient; if the coefficient was 1, the part radius was equal to the die radius
The programmed process time values were recorded for the constant die speed and the predetermined stroke, while those for the Adaptive Stretch-Forming Process (ASFP) were dependent on a programmed goal, it varied with each decision
The ASFP algorithm provided a new insight into using computer vision and statistical analysis in the stretch-forming process
Summary
The material must be stretched in the axial direction as a die pushes, in a perpendicular direction, drawing the metal sheet into the desired shape [2,3,4]. This process gradually produces severe plastic deformation (SPD) due to the increased stress; strain distribution must be considered [5]. The strain increases by a specific amount, depending on the mechanical properties of each material [6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Another aspect is the deformation, since materials behave differently when elastic or plastic deformation occurs [2,13]. The Theory of Elasticity indicates that more complex phenomena occur [14,15]
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