Abstract
<p>The proliferation of smart devices, IoT applications and wireless communication technologies contribute in countries development, society’s security, cost reduction, and customer services satisfactions; since they are used in different aspects of our life. Traffic congestion and accidents are increased recently and reached critical limits, so these contribute in initiating sever problems for researchers, governments and industry over the last few decades. Traffic accidents have many defects relating to increase number of death, infrastructure distribution, and health injuries; therefore, there is a crucial need to develop and modify an approach that utilizes the new technology to limit and prevent the traffic accidents. Wireless sensors networks are developed to support smart solutions in smart cities like smart traffic, smart grid and others. In this research we developed a comprehensive approach to achieve the following three important goals in smart accident elimination. The first goal is to minimize the number of exchange information packets between sensors to save the battery life through developing and adapting clustering schema to minimize the number of exchanges information packets. The second goal is to calculate and determine the optimum route from accident location to the nearest rescue location by developing a dynamic routing schema that is calculated by the control station depending on a cost heuristics function. The third goal is to predicate the accident causes and minimize the probability of accidents occur using a warning message schema and drawing some obstacles on some routing paths. Cupcarbon simulator and MATLAB software tool are developed to simulate different scenarios in order to proof the research goals.</p>
Highlights
The traffic density is increasing rapidly around the world due to the population growth, so many researchers spent a lot of efforts to find and propose solutions for traffic problems; since traffic accidents have many undesired effects that are presented by human deaths, increase number of injuries, and reduction in human productivity
Horizontal Handoff (HHO) is responsible for communication between two base stations of the same system, while Vertical Handoff (VHO)is responsible for switching process between some of base stations points, and the attachment points that belong to the different network technologies [9].Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed solution that is used by traffic light controllers to alert ambulances and rescue vehicles through distributing alert signals which equipped with both RF and GSM module, these alert signals are used to communicate with traffic light, and inform the hospital doctors about the patient‘s status, so they implemented to receive solution messages relating to the kind of the injury, and the first aid recovery operations that should be done to treat the injured patient [10] [ 11]
Traffic accident management solutions are mainly based on developing warning messages, and reducing time for rescue operations by adapting optimum path for ambulance routing, while traffic accidents analysis concern with accidents’ reasons and results, so many researches implement data mining algorithms and association rule techniques to allocate accidents causes, since these techniques are based on data gathered by Emergency Management Research Institute (EMRI), and some of these researches use K-modes clustering algorithm, and association rules which are gathered to infer the circumstances for an accident that may occur for each cluster [13]
Summary
The traffic density is increasing rapidly around the world due to the population growth, so many researchers spent a lot of efforts to find and propose solutions for traffic problems; since traffic accidents have many undesired effects that are presented by human deaths, increase number of injuries, and reduction in human productivity. Speeding and drunk driving are occupying the highest percentage reason for car accidents especially to the low-income country as it is seen from WHO report and there is some reductions which are observed in middle and high-income countries; as these countries increase their planning and regulations to reduce car accidents by adapting several researches in accident prevention management. Most of these researches are done to enhance road safety laws, access to post crash care and adapting of intelligent system in roads traffic management. Horizontal Handoff (HHO) is responsible for communication between two base stations of the same system, while Vertical Handoff (VHO)is responsible for switching process between some of base stations points, and the attachment points that belong to the different network technologies [9].Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed solution that is used by traffic light controllers to alert ambulances and rescue vehicles through distributing alert signals which equipped with both RF and GSM module, these alert signals are used to communicate with traffic light, and inform the hospital doctors about the patient‘s status, so they implemented to receive solution messages relating to the kind of the injury, and the first aid recovery operations that should be done to treat the injured patient [10] [ 11]
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