Abstract
As massive distributed sensor devices are integrated into Internet for Internet of things (IoT) and generate tremendous data from simple measurement to rich multimedia information, wireless cellular networks like LTE are enforced to deploy more small cells to accommodate data from the countless IoT devices. In 3GPP Rel-12 specification, dual connectivity helps deploying the small cell eNBs by separating a control and data plane to a macro and small cell, respectively. The dual connectivity also improves per-user throughput and mobility robustness. Meanwhile, dynamic TDD configuration in the Rel-12 can enhance radio resource utilization of TDD-based small cells even though intercell interference can be worse than legacy static configuration within a small cell cluster. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous cellular IoT network architecture using the aforementioned two small cell features, as well as scheduling algorithms for load balancing in the dual connectivity and for dynamic TDD configuration to mitigate interference in the small cell cluster. We evaluate proposed algorithms using LTE system level simulator and show that our approach improves network throughput.
Highlights
Megatrend of Internet of things (IoT) accelerates deployment of many sensors and actuators for various applications such as home and factory automation and unmanned vehicles and drones
We propose solutions for three problems in our system model to maximize throughput of dual connectivity in the two-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets): (i) a bearer split algorithm in a gateway for load balance in the dual connections, (ii) a radio resource scheduling algorithm at the Macro eNB (MeNB) and the Small eNB (SeNB) based on backlogs and channel feedback, and (iii) a TDD configuration algorithm of a SeNB to mitigate mutual interference among small cells
We propose a heuristic algorithm performed at the MeNB, which is based on branch and bound scheme to search an asymptotically optimal set of the TDD configuration efficiently
Summary
Megatrend of Internet of things (IoT) accelerates deployment of many sensors and actuators for various applications such as home and factory automation and unmanned vehicles and drones. Recently wireless wide area networking (WWAN) like GSM, 3G, and LTE receives much attention for outdoor sensors and robust and secure connections, which enables fast deployment of the field devices in wide area without efforts to establish the WLAN. For this reason, cellular IoT is studied by 3GPP in a clean state for low data rate services such as metering in smart grid. In order to support more dynamic UL-DL resource scheduling in small cells, 3GPP released a new standard about dynamic TDD configuration in the Rel, that is, enhancements to Interference Management and Traffic Adaptation (eIMTA), while a current LTE system only allows semistatic TDD configuration [7].
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