Adaptive resource capacity management agricultural landscapes of Siberia for efficient cultivation grain crops

Abstract

In the grain production of Siberia, not everything is provided safely. With a yield potential of 30 - 35 million tons, the actual grain production is 13 - 14 million tons. Cultivation of grain crops is energy intensive, extensive and ecologically unbalanced. The management of the productivity of agrocenoses is carried out by agricultural technologies. This management problem has not been solved even in modern precision farming systems. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of grain crops cultivation by managing the resource potential based on agricultural technologies that take into account spatio-temporal changes in properties and the state of agricultural landscapes in Siberia. Research methods. Structural analysis and synthesis, mathematical modeling of mechanical and technological solutions and the integral indicator of agriculture. Main research results. Intensification is the main way to increase the efficiency of grain production, an analytical expression is proposed for the integral criterion of agriculture - the really possible value of their yield. For the management of agricultural technologies, a 4-level hierarchical concept with mechanical and technological temporary control actions is proposed: the upper level is strategic management. Developed adaptive-mobile field crop rotations, providing 2.72–3.09 MJ growth of the energy coefficient. For the arid regions of Siberia, the Research Institute of Applied Sciences of Khakasia proposed a surface irrigation technology. Provides an increase in labor productivity by 3-5 times, reduces the cost of 1 ton of hay by 3-4 times with an average yield of 5 t / ha; the second level is the management of a separate growing season; a furrow-band sowing was proposed, providing a 20 - 35% increase in yield; the third level is technological control in real time. An automatic flexible technological complex for the main tillage is proposed, which improves the quality of tillage and increases labor productivity by 15 - 20%; the fourth is the level of technological impact on the basis of scientific principles, taking into account the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the treatment object. Conclusions: 1) In the conditions of Siberia with its spatio-temporal changes in the properties and conditions of the soil cover, precise (digital) management of the resource potential of agricultural landscapes is required. 2) To increase the efficiency of grain crops cultivation, four mechanical and technological levels of control have been proposed.