Abstract
Generally, the fault current supplied by inverter-based renewable energy sources (IBRES) and electrical storage systems (ESS) is about 1.2 to 2 times their rated current and much lower than synchronous generators because the former acts as a current source and the latter acts as a voltage source. A conventional power system in a small island is composed of only synchronous generators and protected from short circuit faults using an overcurrent relay (OCR). However, in the remote microgrid with IBRES, ESS, and synchronous generators, the fault current varies depending on the configuration of generation sources. Namely, the fixed OCR protection method cannot protect microgrids from short circuit faults. This paper proposes an adaptive protection method to protect the microgrid from faults by actively changing the OCR setting according to the state of the generator source combination. A microgrid with ESS and a synchronous generator is modeled and simulated through PSCAD/EMTDC software to validate the proposed adaptive protection method.
Highlights
A microgrid (MG) is a small power supply system composed of multiple renewable energy sources, such as wind turbine generation or photovoltaic generation, an electrical storage system (ESS), and a load
This paper proposed an adaptive protection method for solving protection problems for remote microgrids composed of diesel generators and inverter-based ESSs with differ
This paper proposed an adaptive protection method for solving protection problems for remote microgrids composed of diesel generators and inverter-based ESSs with different fault response properties
Summary
A microgrid (MG) is a small power supply system composed of multiple renewable energy sources, such as wind turbine generation or photovoltaic generation, an electrical storage system (ESS), and a load. The adaptive protection method was evaluated as an effective method applicable to the gridinterconnected and stand-alone modes in grid-interconnected microgrids [17] This method changed only the setting value of each relay for the distributed generation to respond to the change in the fault current depending upon the operation mode switching (grid-interconnected or stand-alone) of the microgrid and did not take into account the coordination between multiple relays (for distributed generation, transformer, distribution feeder, etc.) having a multi-layer structure. Studies on protection coordination between the multiple relays installed on most remote microgrids in a multi-layer structure, protection coordination in cases where the synchronous machine must be stopped to maximize the acceptability of the IBRES, changes in the fault current when the control method of the distributed generation is changed, etc., are not sufficient. The EMS selects and directly controls the relay to be operated by comparing the currents of the relays
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