Adaptive potential of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) for resistance of cultivars to fusarium rot

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the resistance of potato cultivars to phytopathogenic micromycetes Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel., as an element of the adaptive potential of plants grown on the experimental plots of the branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination (UIPVE), located in Pollissia and Forest-Steppe zones of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory, phytopathological, statistical. Results. The ecological stability of the varieties is based on their resistance to limiting environmental factors, including damage by pathogens, as a result of which they are able to form high and stable yields. An increase in the crop yield is limited by the development of a complex of diseases during the cultivation and storage of potatoes, which causes the emergence of potential bioecological risks in agroecosystems. Analysis of thirteen potato cultivars inoculated with phytopathogenic micromycetes showed that under the conditions of Pollissia and Forest-Steppe, cultivars БЖ1820-3 and КР1820-4 were stably resistant to F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum, with the tissue damage ranging from 8.0 to 9.5%, respectively, against 10.0–26.3% of the remaining varieties (on the 9th day after inoculation) and 13.3–16.7% against 21.7–56.7% (on the 14th day). The most affected by F. sambucinum were the cultivars TВЛ1820-9 (26.3%) in Pollissia, F. oxysporum, ЛЦ1820-5, ЛЛ1820-8 in Polissia and ПР1820-1, ЛЦ1820-5, СР1820-6, ЛЛ1820-8 in the Forest-Steppe. The resistance score (7) was determined for the following cultivars in Polissia zone: ПР1820-1, ЖТ1820-12, БЖ1820-3, СР1820-6, КР1820-4, ОП1820-2, ВТ1820‑11, РД1820-7; in the Forest-Steppe: ОТ1820-10, БЖ1820-3, КР1820-4, ОП1820-2, РД1820-7 (incidence of 10–25%). Variety samples ПР1820-1 and РД1820-7 in Polissia also had a high long-term average varietal yield, respectively, 25.7 t/ha and 24.6 t/ha; in the Forest-Steppe zone, varieties ОТ1820‑10 (35.4 t/ha) and КР1820-4 (34.6 t/ha) had a high yield. The following varieties in Polissia: БЖ1820-3, ПР1820-1, КР1820-4, ВТ1820-11 (infestation less than 10%, resistance score – 9) and in the Forest-steppe: БЖ1820-3, КР1820-4, КН1820-13, СР1820-6, ВТ1820-11 turned out to be highly resistant to the pathogen F. sambucinum. Among the specified varieties, the most productive in the Pollissia zone were ПР1820-1 (25.7 t/ha), in the Forest-Steppe zone КР1820-4 (34.6 t/ha). Conclusions. The study of potato resistance to storage diseases is one of the components of the creation of adaptive varieties. Cultivar ПР1820-1 (under the conditions of Pollissia) and the variety КР1820-4 (under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe) were the most adaptive in terms of stable yields and resistance to pathogens F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum. These varieties were the best in terms of high yield and long-term storage. Variety samples of the Pollissia zone, such as ЛЛ1820-8, ОТ1820-10, and КН1820-13 that demonstrated a high yield, are unstable to the pathogen F. oxysporum and can have significant yield losses during storage. Despite the high yield in the Forest-Steppe zone, a decrease in yield, as well as a loss in the quality of planting material during storage, can be observed in varieties ПР1820-1, ЛЛ1820-8, ЛЦ1820-5, which turned out to be nonresistant to pathogens F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum. Variety samples ЖТ1820-12, ВТ1820-11, СР1820-6, КР1820-4, БЖ1820-3, ОП1820-2, grown in the Pollissia zone with a yield lower than the long-term average varietal, turned out to be resistant and highly resistant to the pathogens F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, which will have a positive effect on the storage of the crop and extend the sale of marketable products. The same tendency is typical for the varieties РД1820-7, БЖ1820-3, ОП1820-2, grown in the Forest-Steppe zone, the yield of which was less than the long term average yield, and which have a high score of resistance to the pathogens F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum.