Adaptive physio-anatomical modulations and ionomics of Volkameria inermis L. in response to NaCl

Abstract

This study illustrates the salinity tolerance mechanisms in Volkameria inermis (a mangrove-associate), making it an ideal candidate for establishment in saline lands. The plant was exposed to 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM NaCl and the TI value indicates that the stress-imparting concentration was 400 mM. There was a decrease in biomass and tissue water, and a gradual increase in osmolytes like soluble sugars, proline, and free amino acids content was observed in plantlets with the increase in NaCl concentrations. Higher number of lignified cells in the vascular region of the plantlet’s leaves treated with NaCl (400 mM) may influence the transport through the conducting tissues. SEM data reveals the presence of thick-walled xylem elements, an increased number of trichomes, and partially/fully closed stomata in the 400 mM NaCl-treated samples of V. inermis. In general, macro and micronutrient distribution tend to be affected in the NaCl-treated plantlets. However, Na content increased remarkably in plantlets treated with NaCl, and the highest accumulation was observed in roots (5.58-fold). Volkameria inermis can be a good option for phytodesalination in salt-affected areas since it is equipped with strong NaCl tolerance strategies and can be exploited for desalinization purpose of salt affected lands.