Abstract
The installed wind energy generation capacity has been increasing dramatically all over the world. However, most wind turbines are installed in hostile environments, where regular operation needs to be ensured by effective fault tolerant control methods. An adaptive observer-based fault tolerant control scheme is proposed in this article to address the sensor and actuator faults that usually occur on the core subsystems of wind turbines. The fast adaptive fault estimation (FAFE) algorithm is adopted in the adaptive observers to accurately and rapidly located the faults. Based on the states and faults estimated by the adaptive observers, the state feedback fault tolerant controllers are designed to stabilize the system and compensate for the faults. The gain matrices of the controllers are calculated by the pole placement method. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed fault tolerant control scheme with the FAFE algorithm stabilizes the faulty system effectively and performs better than the baseline on the benchmark model of wind turbines.
Highlights
Sensors 2021, 21, 8170. https://Wind energy contributes to a large part of power production worldwide as a type of clean and renewable energy
The passive fault-tolerant control (PFTC) methods design the controller based on the knowledge of the possible fault sets of the system, whereas the active fault-tolerant control (AFTC) ones rely on the online information provided by the fault estimation or detection and isolation techniques
The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive observer based AFTC scheme
Summary
Wind energy contributes to a large part of power production worldwide as a type of clean and renewable energy. Our simulation is based on the benchmark model representing a three-bladed pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine with a nominal power of 4.8 MW Both the sensor and actuator fault scenarios occur on the blade and pitch subsystem and the generator and converter subsystem which are simultaneously considered in this study. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The two subsystem models are reconstructed as faulty forms according to the sensors’ measured values Based on these models, we designed corresponding adaptive observers to estimate the system states and faults. (3) According to the estimated information from the adaptive observers, the state feedback controllers are designed to realize adaptive fault tolerant control, where the pole placement method is adopted to calculate the gain matrices.
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