Abstract
In high-speed precision machining, thermal deformation caused by temperature rise affects the accuracy stability of the machine tool to a significant extent. In order to reduce the thermal deformation of ball screws and improve the accuracy, a new adaptive method based on carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) was proposed in this study and the thermal deformation of ball screws was determined. By using the sequential coupling method, the thermal–structural coupling analysis of a ball screw was conducted based on the finite element method (FEM). The analysis results were verified through a comparison with the experimental results. Based on the verification, an FE model of the improved ball screw was established to study its thermal characteristics. The key design parameters of the improved ball screw were optimized based on the Kriging model and genetic algorithm (GA). The thermal reduction effect of the improved ball screw was validated through the experimental results. The results indicate that the adaptive method proposed in this research is effective in reducing the thermal deformation of ball screws.
Highlights
Ball screws with high efficiency, precision, and stiffness have become important transmission mechanisms of the servo feed system used for transforming rotational motion into linear motion [1].With the increasing popularity of high-speed machining technology, ball screw speeds are increasing, and can reach 90~120 m/min [2,3]
It was found that the improved design resulted in a rapid temperature balance, which demonstrates that this method can improve the thermal characteristics of the ball screws
A detailed design was proposed for reducing the thermal deformation of ball screws adaptively based on the negative thermal expansion coefficient of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)
Summary
With the increasing popularity of high-speed machining technology, ball screw speeds are increasing, and can reach 90~120 m/min [2,3]. The application of such high-speed ball screws has greatly improved the machining efficiency. They face several issues such as the occurrence of thermal deformation, which can severely affect the precision of the ball screw [4]. In the feed system of machine tools, the heat induced by friction from the screw and nut, supporting bearing, motor, and other components may cause thermal deformation, in high-speed precision machine tools. It has been reported that the thermal error of machine tool accounts for about 30%~50% of the total error, and this proportion can reach up to 70% in precision machining [5]
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