Adaptive Maximum Power Point Finding Using Direct V OC/2 Tracking Method With Microwatt Power Consumption for Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Maximum power transfer occurs in many energy harvesters at their half open-circuit voltage ( $V_{{\rm{OC}}}/ 2$ ). A novel implementation method of maximum power point finding based on the $V_{{\rm{OC}}}/ 2$ method is presented by exploiting the capacitor charging voltage across a smoothing capacitor connected in parallel with the energy harvester. The presented technique has a specifically designed high-pass filter, which has a peak output voltage that corresponds to the $V_{{\rm{OC}}}/ 2$ of the energy harvester. The control circuit filters and differentiates the voltage across the smoothing capacitor to directly determine the timing of reaching the $V_{{\rm{OC}}}/ 2$ of the energy harvester without having to find the $V_{{\rm{OC}}}$ first and is fully implemented using discrete analog components without the need of a programmable controller, leading to low power consumption of the method. In this paper, the control circuit is used in conjunction with a full-wave diode bridge rectifier and a dc–dc converter to harvest energy from a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) as the studied case. The PEH was subjected to various strain levels at low frequencies from 2 to 10 Hz. Experimental results show that the implemented circuit is adaptive to various vibration amplitudes and frequencies and has a maximum power point finding efficiency of up to 98.28% with power consumption as low as 5.16 μW.