Abstract
Designing a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to achieve a high Quality of Service (QoS) (network performance and durability) is a challenging problem. We address it by focusing on the performance of the 802.15.4 communication protocol because the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard is actually considered as one of the reference technologies in WSNs. In this paper, we propose to control the sustainable use of resources (i.e., energy consumption, reliability and timely packet transmission) of a wireless sensor node equipped with photovoltaic cells by an adaptive tuning not only of the MAC (Medium Access Control) parameters but also of the sampling frequency of the node. To do this, we use one of the existing control approaches, namely the viability theory, which aims to preserve the functions and the controls of a dynamic system in a set of desirable states. So, an analytical model, describing the evolution over time of nodal resources, is derived and used by a viability algorithm for the adaptive tuning of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol. The simulation analysis shows that our solution allows ensuring indefinitely, in the absence of hardware failure, the operations (lifetime duration, reliability and timely packet transmission) of an 802.15.4 WSN and one can temporarily increase the sampling frequency of the node beyond the regular sampling one. This latter brings advantages for agricultural and environmental applications such as precision agriculture, flood or fire prevention. Main results show that our current approach enable to send more information when critical events occur without the node runs out of energy. Finally, we argue that our approach is generic and can be applied to other types of WSN.
Highlights
Agricultural and Environmental monitoring applications are essential for society
Rather than investigate the energy optimization problem as in [14], we propose in this paper to control the sustainable use of resources of a wireless sensor node by an adaptive tuning of the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) parameters:
We argue that viability theory [18] is a suitable tool for managing the wireless sensor node’s energy in order to avoid its energetic failures, especially when the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is subjected to unexpected environmental changes
Summary
Agricultural and Environmental monitoring applications are essential for society. Generally in this type of application, the system must be able to provide quickly, over long time periods (from 1 to 5 years depending on the characteristics of the application) without humanPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172336 February 24, 2017Adaptive management of energy, reliability and delay of IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor node intervention, information about physical phenomena occurring in its close environment [1]. They are easy to deploy, even on isolated monitoring areas with impossible or difficult human being access This type of network is composed of nodes called wireless sensor nodes, which usually have limited resources in terms of power transmission, processing capacity, collected data storage and energy. The energy efficiency, by extension the network lifetime, is a major concern in the case of a deployment in inaccessible monitoring areas where it is often impossible to recharge or replace batteries of the wireless sensor nodes after depletion This can be problematic in term of energy conservation especially for long duration applications as those of cacao crops where the information gathering takes about two years (i.e the harvest duration). Designing such network and, the protocols to achieve high QoS (network performance and durability) is a challenging task
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