Abstract
Rapid detection of bursts and leaks in water distribution systems (WDSs) can reduce the social and economic costs incurred through direct loss of water into the ground, additional energy demand for water supply, and service interruptions. Many real-time burst detection models have been developed in accordance with the use of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and the establishment of district meter areas (DMAs). Nonetheless, no consideration has been given to how frequently a flow meter measures and transmits data for predicting breaks and leaks in pipes. This paper analyzes the effect of sampling interval when an adaptive Kalman filter is used for detecting bursts in a WDS. A new sampling algorithm is presented that adjusts the sampling interval depending on the normalized residuals of flow after filtering. The proposed algorithm is applied to a virtual sinusoidal flow curve and real DMA flow data obtained from Jeongeup city in South Korea. The simulation results prove that the self-adjusting algorithm for determining the sampling interval is efficient and maintains reasonable accuracy in burst detection. The proposed sampling method has a significant potential for water utilities to build and operate real-time DMA monitoring systems combined with smart customer metering systems.
Highlights
Each water distribution system (WDS) has breaks and leaks that are the major components of water loss
The effect of sampling interval is first investigated in terms of estimation accuracy for burst detection with the adaptive Kalman filter
The data obtained from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems can contain errors caused by system failures of power and communication, or by scheduled downtime in the system
Summary
Each water distribution system (WDS) has breaks and leaks that are the major components of water loss. Rapid detection of bursts and leaks can reduce the direct and indirect costs of water loss. Water utilities have been monitoring the flow, pressure, water level, and water quality of WDSs in real time with the introduction of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These real-time monitoring and control systems have been applied to the inlets of district meter areas (DMAs) that are hydraulically isolated, and such fitting with flow and pressure instruments is one solution to the leak detection problem. Smart metering systems with advanced metering, data logging, and wireless communication technologies are currently being introduced to DMAs for the purpose of providing customer demand information [3]
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