Adaptive Focused Beam Prestack Depth Migration Under the Condition of Rugged Topography

Abstract

The complex topography is a challenging issue in onshore seismic exploration. The rugged terrain and lateral change of near-surface velocity pose a significant obstacle to the accurate imaging of seismic data. The adaptive focused beam migration method retains the good applicability of the ray methods for calculating the seismic wavefield under complex surface conditions. It can effectively solve the contradiction between the imaging accuracy of deep and shallow strata in traditional Gaussian beam migration. We extend the adaptive focused beam migration approach to the deep domain imaging of seismic data under complex surface conditions. Firstly, the basic principles of the adaptive focused beam are reviewed. Then, Green’s functions of the seismic source and the receiving point of rugged topography are characterized by the adaptive focused beam, and an adaptive focused beam prestack depth migration method based on cross-correlation imaging is proposed. The full-wave-arrival imaging strategy is applied to image all wave arrivals of subsurface imaging points. A single input seismic trace is adopted for imaging, which can directly emit the focused beam from the receiving point of rugged topography for wave field continuation, thus avoiding multiple focusing. As a result, the applicability of the migration approach to complex surface conditions was improved, and the imaging accuracy of the migration method was also effectively enhanced. The numerical model migration test of different rugged topography conditions and tectonic forms verified that the proposed method was an effective prestack depth migration applicable to accurately imaging seismic data under the rugged topography condition.