Adaptive Finite Elements for Optimally Controlled Elliptic Variational Inequalities of Obstacle Type

Abstract

AbstractWe are concerned with the numerical solution of distributed optimal control problems for second order elliptic variational inequalities by adaptive finite element methods. Both the continuous problem as well as its finite element approximations represent subclasses of Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints (MPECs) for which the optimality conditions are stated by means of stationarity concepts in function space (Hintermüller and Kopacka, SIAM J. Optim. 20:868–902, 2009) and in a discrete, finite dimensional setting (Scheel and Scholtes, Math. Oper. Res. 25:1–22, 2000) such as (\(\varepsilon\)-almost, almost) C- and S-stationarity. With regard to adaptive mesh refinement, in contrast to the work in (Hintermüller, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var., 2012, submitted) which adopts a goal oriented dual weighted approach, we consider standard residual-type a posteriori error estimators. The first main result states that for a sequence of discrete C-stationary points there exists a subsequence converging to an almost C-stationary point, provided the associated sequence of nested finite element spaces is limit dense in its continuous counterpart. As the second main result, we prove the reliability and efficiency of the residual-type a posteriori error estimators. Particular emphasis is put on the approximation of the reliability and efficiency related consistency errors by heuristically motivated computable quantities and on the approximation of the continuous active, strongly active, and inactive sets by their discrete counterparts. A detailed documentation of numerical results for two representative test examples illustrates the performance of the adaptive approach.KeywordsA posteriori error analysisElliptic variational inequalitiesFinite elementsOptimal controlStationarity