Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect large amounts of data over a wide area. However, the sensor nodes used in WSNs have a short lifespan because they are generally battery-operated. Research is actively underway to increase the lifespan of WSNs via techniques such as energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT). This study proposes a scheme for clustering and adjusting the WSN data collection rate to alleviate the hotspot problem and improve network connectivity. The proposed scheme is targeted at WSNs in which the sensor nodes harvest solar energy. In addition, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) traverses along a given path and delivers energy to sensor nodes using WPT, while collecting data as a sink node. In this scheme, the number of cluster heads is determined by considering the number of nodes at each hop distance and the maximum amount of data that can be transferred with the available energy. Further, sensor nodes limit the amount of data they collect to reduce the relay load on intermediate nodes. To achieve this, nodes consider the amount of data transferred by parent nodes, especially nodes in the hotspot, and the number of child nodes. The sink node traverses along a given path, and collects the data accumulated in the cluster head while supplying its remaining energy to the cluster head. The amount of energy it transfers is determined by considering the number of cluster heads. Consequently, nodes in the hotspot are prevented from becoming blacked out from a lack of energy, and the energy harvesting efficiency is increased. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces the number of blackout nodes in the hotspot areas near cluster heads. Furthermore, the data collection and monitoring performance increases with the increase in network connectivity.
Highlights
The recent development of the IoT and artificial intelligence has led to an increase in the need to collect a large amount of data
This study proposes a scheme for wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSN) to control the amount of data collected and to construct efficient clusters to increase the energy efficiency and the amount of data gathered at the sink node
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a wireless power transfer (WPT) system are used as mobile sinks to collect data while delivering extra energy in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consisting of energy harvesting sensor nodes
Summary
The recent development of the IoT and artificial intelligence has led to an increase in the need to collect a large amount of data. In this study, the available energy and consumption of the head node and the node one hop away from the head node were considered to determine the number of clusters that would maximize the collected data in order to efficiently use the energy of the sensor nodes and the sink node. The methods for clustering and determining the amount of data to be collected in an environment where a mobile sink equipped with a WPT system is used to collect data and transmit energy have been described These methods increase energy efficiency by increasing the amount of data to be collected within a range that prevents blackout in the energy-consuming head nodes and one-hop neighbor nodes. 9: Get v and s from the Head Selection Message
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