Abstract
This paper proposes a novel adaptive consensus algorithm (ACA) for distributed heat-electricity energy management (HEEM) of an islanded microgrid. In order to simultaneously satisfy the heat-electricity energy balance constraints, ACA is implemented with a switch between unified consensus and independent consensus according to the dynamic energy mismatches. The feasible operation region of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit is decomposed into eight searching sub-regions, thus its electricity and heat energy outputs can simultaneously match the incremental cost consensus requirement and the heat-electricity energy balance constraints. Case studies are thoroughly carried out to verify the performance of ACA for distributed HEEM of an islanded microgrid.
Highlights
Over the past decades, microgrids have attracted extensive attention and study as they provide an efficient and flexible way to integrate various distributed energy resources (DERs), local loads, and energy storage devices [1]
The energy management system (EMS) needs to collect the operating parameters of all the energy suppliers and consumers [5], an optimal dispatch scheme can be determined by a centralized optimization method
∆PDi is electricity energy curtailment of the ith energy consumer which participates in demand response (DR); ΩG and ΩD are the sets of the energy suppliers and consumers, respectively; and fi denotes the operating cost of the ith energy supplier or consumer, which can be calculated as follows [18]:
Summary
Microgrids have attracted extensive attention and study as they provide an efficient and flexible way to integrate various distributed energy resources (DERs), local loads, and energy storage devices [1]. The energy management system (EMS) needs to collect the operating parameters of all the energy suppliers and consumers [5], an optimal dispatch scheme can be determined by a centralized optimization method. As a result, it will inevitably result in three critical problems:. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces the mathematical model model of distributed HEEM, including the objective function, the operation constraints, and a of distributed HEEM, including the objective function, the operation constraints, and a detailed feature detailed feature analysis of the incremental cost. 1. Framework of distributed heat-electricity energy management (HEEM) in an islanded microgrid
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