Abstract
Upper extremity lymphedema is the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid in affected limb due to the insufficient capacity of the lymphatic system after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer surgery. It is marked by an abnormal increase of tissue proteins, edema, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. Lymphedema and its related symptoms seriously affect the quality of patient's life. However, lymphedema treatment is difficult and comes with different therapies. In this review, we discussed the anatomical and pathophysiological basis of upper extremity lymphedema. We also analyzed the characteristics and drawbacks of some existing managements and highlighted the importance of adaptive conceptions in treating upper extremity lymphedema.
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