Abstract
Desert coolers have attracted much attention as an alternative to mechanical air conditioning systems, as they are proving to be of lower initial cost and significantly lower operating cost. However, the uncontrolled increase in the moisture content of the supply air is still a great issue for indoor air quality and human thermal comfort concerns. This paper represents an experimental and numerical investigation of a modified desert air cooler into a liquid desiccant air conditioner (LDAC). An experimental setup was established to explore the supply air properties for an adapted commercial desert cooler. Several experiments were performed for air–water and air–desiccant as flow media, at several solutions to air mass ratios. Furthermore, the experimental results were compared with the result of a numerical simplified effectiveness model. The outcomes indicate a sharp reduction in the air humidity ratio by applying the desiccant solutions up to 5.57 g/kg and up to 4.15 g/kg, corresponding to dew point temperatures of 9.5 °C and 12.4 °C for LiCl and CaCl2, respectively. Additionally, the experimental and the numerical results concurred having shown the same pattern, with a maximal deviation of about 18% within the experimental uncertainties.
Highlights
Air conditioning represents a considerable part of current electrical power consumption due to the significant growth in populations, in addition to rapid developments in lifestyle and comfort standards [1,2]
The prototype was tested by running it in a direct evaporative cooler and in an externally cooled desiccant system
The experimental results were compared with a single-node effectiveness model
Summary
Air conditioning represents a considerable part of current electrical power consumption due to the significant growth in populations, in addition to rapid developments in lifestyle and comfort standards [1,2]. In certain countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), for example, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt, having air conditioners was considered as a luxury in the last few decades. The total global electrical energy consumption for cooling in buildings using air conditioners accounts for about 20% nowadays [3]. The share of energy consumption for space cooling is higher for regions with hot climates. In some of Middle East countries, such as Arab Gulf countries, the domestic ownership of air conditioning units is close to 100%
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