Abstract
Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its revision, Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), were designed for high performance communications between devices operated by human users. However, when these networks are used for Machineto- Machine (M2M) traffic, i.e., communications between smart electronic devices that do not need human supervision, performance is far from satisfactory. This is mostly due to the overload condition created when a large number of M2M devices attempts random access using the fourstep handshake prescribed by the LTE standard. In this article, we describe an overlay network that allows M2M devices to access the network without going through the full handshake. We show that the overlay provides much improved performance for M2M traffic, especially when the transmission power of M2M devices is slightly increased to combat the overload condition, and is capable of supporting M2M traffic in device-todevice (D2D) communication mode.
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