Abstract
Flow is a positive and optimal state of mind, during which people are highly motivated and absorbed in the activity they are doing. It is an experience that can occur in any area of life. One of the measurement instruments which is most commonly used to evaluate this construct is the Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2). This instrument has been used in different languages, mainly in the field of sport. In this research work, the FSS-2 has been translated into Spanish and administered to 486 musicians from different regions of Spain in order to examine the psychometric properties. A version which uses six dimensions from the original questionnaire has been used-those that constitute the experience of flow-and four alternative models have been analysed (Six related factors model, two second order factor models and a bifactor model).The results revealed that the dimension time could be controversial and more research could be needed. In general terms, the six-factor model (RMSEA = .04; GFI = .99; AGFI = .99) and a second-factor one (RMSEA = .033; GFI = .99; AGFI = .99) are solutions consistent with previous studies and show that the questionnaire can be considered a reliable (Alphas of the dimensions range from .81 to .94; Omegas from .86 to .97; and mean discrimination of the dimensions from .64 to .88) and useful tool, both in clinical and educational contexts, as well as an instrument for the evaluation of this construct in future research. However, the results of this study also suggest that flow can be explored in greater depth in musicians, taking into account that the writing of the original items was based on the experience of athletes and that the role of time in flow needs to be investigated.
Highlights
The concept of flow has aroused much interest in recent years, leading to a great deal of research related to this topic
The goodness-of-fit indices of this new model (Model 2) were: χ2 (d.f. = 238; p < .001) = 1292.39; RMSEA = .10 with an interval at 90% (.09 to .11); GFI = .92; AGFI = .90; CFI = .96; TLI = .95; SRMR = .14; BIC = 656.97
This study has examined the factorial structure of the Estado de Fluidez para Interpretes Musicales” (EFIM) with a sample of Spanish musicians
Summary
The concept of flow has aroused much interest in recent years, leading to a great deal of research related to this topic. The other dimensions would be the subjective experience of the flow state: concentration on the task, actionawareness, sense of control, loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time and autotelic experience [25, 26]. A second hypothesis was presented according to which, if the factors of skill-challenge balance, clear objectives and clear feedback are conditions in order to enter the flow state, they will positively correlate with the other factors that represent the flow experience or state. This correlation can be deemed as supporting the criterion validity. The results show how the scale that measures the goals for the action, once partial correlations are made and the effect of the other two conditions for flow is controlled, goes from being significantly correlated with all the dimensions of the questionnaire (except the dimension that measures transformation of time) to not be significant and practically zero
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