Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Countries: A Need in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Abstract

Climate change is a worldwide environmental phenomenon that needs urgent attention by minimizing the impacts through different adaptation processes particularly in developing countries (DCs). This paper exposes some climate change challenges facing developing countries in the twenty-first century. It provides a brief insight into the main factors that predispose Nigeria to the adverse effects of climate change and gives an overview of potential impact of climate change in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. The paper attempts to justify the need for developing climate change adaptation polices in the region and calls for mainstreaming climate change and adaptation in development plans and programs. The need for adaptation planning through sustainable urban development is also discussed. The paper suggests possible measures to tackle the challenging risks posed by climate variability and change in the area, such measures may be through the application of appropriate legal frameworks. The legal framework as an adaptation measure will encourage the robust implementation of climate change policies in the area. It will further strengthen decision-making related to the implementation of relevant adaptation plans and programs (PPPs). By establishing appropriate legal and institutional frameworks, a win-win approach geared towards climate change adaptation and mitigation will be achieved in tandem. This can also help in achieving the focal dimensions of sustainable development—socioeconomic development, the conservation of the environment and natural resource base, as well as human well being. Thus, the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will be reinforced in Nigeria and, especially in the Niger Delta region.