Abstract
The research on adaptation selection for utilization in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil using four type plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Paspalum conjugatum, Sorghum bicolor, and Tagetes erecta were conducted. The adaptability of four types of plants on crude oil contaminated soil at total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level at 0, 3, and 6% were observed and evaluated to their morphological and anatomical responses. Parameters observed were vegetative growth of plants including growth precentage, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, total dry weight, and stomatal density for 9 weeks cultivation in screen house. The results show that increasing in TPH level caused in significant reductions on morphological of four plants, such as percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight. In contrast, the increasing in TPH level caused to increasing in root/shoot ratio. The four types of plants studied were effective to be used as plants for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. The plants of P. conjugatum and S. bicolor are recommended as phytoremediators for further studies.
Highlights
Mining companies that have locations in forest areas are obliged to reforest the area (Kemenhut 2011)
The results show that increasing in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level caused in significant reductions on morphological of four plants, such as percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight
The plant morphological observed by the percentage of plant growth (%), plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root/shoot ratio, and total dry weight (g)
Summary
Mining companies that have locations in forest areas are obliged to reforest the area (Kemenhut 2011). Reforestation of petroleum contaminated soil can not be directly planted by tree species. Planting in forest areas can not be directly planted if the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) >3%, because it can cause plant death at seedling level (Setiadi 2012). The bioremediation technique using plants is called phytoremediation. Phytoremediation uses certain plants and works with microorganisms to convert pollutants to be less harmful. It is a low-cost and environmentally friendly technique to reduce contaminated soils (Pilon-Smits 2005). Phytoremediation technology is usually used in conjunction with bioremediation methods for remediating contaminated soil as a polishing step, so that polluted areas can be recovered if they meet the quality standard (Yani et al 2003)
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