Adaptation of Tracer—Technique for The Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors- for Analyzing Indonesian Train Accident Involving Train Dispatcher

Abstract

Human factors have been as major factors that contribute to many accident in rail industry, including Indonesia. High train accident rate in Indonesia is underlining the importance to develop method in identifying and analyzing human error in rail system in particular for the second most involved in train accident that is train dispatcher. Purpose of this study is to adapt technique for the retrospective and predictive analysis of cognitive errors (TRACEr) in identifying human error in Indonesian train dispatcher. Task, sub-task, and cognitive domain analysis of Indonesian train dispatcher is identified through Standard Operation Procedure (SOP)’ review and direct observation involving four train dispatchers. Further, TRACEr taxonomy including task error, error taxonomies, information taxonomy of Indonesian train dispatcher is determined based on literature review and group discussion among authors and a station master. Performance shaping factors are observed through a questionnaire involving 26 train dispatchers. The adapted TRACEr is developed and the application of the adapted TRACEr in analyzing one train accident in Indonesia that is validated by Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee reveals the usefulness of the adapted TRACEr. The result revealed that the adapted TRACEr is a valuable aid to analyze Indonesian train accident involving train dispatcher and can be used as a basis for further applications in train dispatcher in other countries with necessary adaptation.