Adaptation of the Novel Cubic B-Spline Algorithm for Dealing with Conformable Systems of Differential Boundary Value Problems concerning Two Points and Two Fractional Parameters

Abstract

Recently, conformable calculus has appeared in many abstract uses in mathematics and several practical applications in engineering and science. In addition, many methods and numerical algorithms have been adapted to it. In this paper, we will demonstrate, use, and construct the cubic B-spline algorithm to deal with conformable systems of differential boundary value problems concerning two points and two fractional parameters in both regular and singular types. Here, several linear and nonlinear examples will be presented, and a model for the Lane-Emden will be one of the applications presented. Indeed, we will show the complete construction of the used spline through the conformable derivative along with the convergence theory, and the error orders together with other results that we will present in detail in the form of tables and graphs using Mathematica software. Through the results we obtained, it became clear to us that the spline approach is effective and fast, and it requires little compulsive and mathematical burden in solving the problems presented. At the end of the article, we presented a summary that contains the most important findings, what we calculated, and some future suggestions.