Adaptation of Sports Involvement Scale to Turkish Culture: A Validity and Reliability Study in Football Spectators

Abstract

The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) represents a gradual change of attitude formation. The continuum in the model is divided into four stages (Awareness, Attraction, Attachment, and Allegiance), which represent the formation of attitudes and involvement levels in increasingly stronger degrees towards the sport object (Funk & James, 2001). The first aim of the research is to adapt the Sports Involvement staging tool/scale developed for sports spectators by Doyle et al. (2013) within the scope of PCM for Turkish culture. The second aim of the research is to examine the differences in resistance to change levels of sports spectators regarding their involvement profiles. A total of 239 (x̄age = 37.00±14.46) football spectators aged between 18-70 participated in the study [56 female (x̄age = 31.79±13.29) and 183 male (x̄age = 38.59±14.47)]. CFA was performed for adapting the scale. The findings of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the Sports Involvement Scale represented its structural validity and psychometric properties as in the original scale (Chi-square/sd = 2.43, p