Adaptation of plants derived from cultivated yam of Dioscorea cayenensis–D. rotundata complex species seeds germination in two agroecological zones of Benin

Assaba Idossou Elie Assaba Idossou Elie,Yolou Mounirou Yolou Mounirou,Tiama Djakaridja Tiama Djakaridja,Bello Saliou Bello Saliou,Babalakoun Adonis Babalakoun Adonis,Zoundjihekpon Jeanne Zoundjihekpon Jeanne

doi:10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0019

Assaba Idossou Elie Assaba Idossou Elie, Yolou Mounirou Yolou Mounirou + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0019

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Abstract

Vegetative propagation of plants promotes the accumulation of viruses in plant material; this causes the loss of vigor and consequently the drop of vegetable yield. Keep up productivity level of vegetatively propagated plants; it is therefore important to regenerate genetic material by sexual reproduction to improve the biodiversity. The main objective of this study is to improve yam seeds by sexual way, specifically to assess the response of seedlings from yam seeds in two agroecological areas, area IV (Djougou), in Sudanese climate and area V (Bantè), in transition climate. Seedling were transplanted in this agroecological areas using a completely Randomized design with three replications. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA at 5% level of significance and a mean comparison test. Seedling survival rate is significantly different, 55.41% in zone IV and 23.60% in zone V, but the rate of tuberization of the two areas is similar, 55.63%; of zone IV and 57.62%; of zone V. The average of the tubers length and their weight are respectively 13.21 cm and 24.87 ± 19.22 g in zone IV and 8.95 cm and 10.30 ± 9.91 g in zone V. This results show that microtubers produced from the seeds show a high degree of heterogeneity, and, varieties creation and improvement is possible from the seeds. This technique would promote the selection of varieties adapted to current climatic conditions.

Highlights

Yam’s place in the tropical zone is justified by the climatic and edaphic conditions
This study aims to assess the response of seedlings produced from yam seeds in two agroecological zones of Benin
Seedling recovery rate In agro-ecological zone IV, survival rate is between 42.55% and 77.5% respectively in the seedling having as female parents the cultivars Dodo I and Gnidou, with an average of 57.72%

Summary

Introduction

Yam’s place in the tropical zone is justified by the climatic and edaphic conditions. Climatic variation in general and especially drought have negative impacts on several components, which condition success of agricultural production in general, and mainly of yam [1, 2, 3, 4], occasion loss of yam’s diversity and yields drop. Degradation of soil fertility which occasion around 3% of drop of yield in the world [5], affecting food self-sufficiency [6, 7]. The quality of the seed favors the adaptation of plants to these new conditions. For food security and sovereignty, it is urgent to compensate diversity loss and yield decrease-installing varieties adapted to different climatic and soil conditions. Preserve food security and sovereignty, need to have good quality of seed, which depend plants adaptation of environment variation. In North of Benin [14], in North of Côte d'Ivoire [15] and in center of Benin [16], this authors shown that in each yam’s field around 4.800 to 27.000 seeds is yield in average each year

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